THE BOOK REVIEW OF “MATHEMATICS 1 FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL YEAR VII”

Increase your English with Learning Mathematics

A.    The Identity of The Book

Title of the book               : MATHEMATICS 1 for Junior High School

Author                               : DR. Marsigit, M.A

Publisher                           : Yudistira

Mathematics Editor          : Rahmani Dwi Fajarsih and Dewi Noviyanti Sari

Translator                          : DR. Marsigit, M.A

English Editor                   : Mokhamad Irfan and Rina Dwi Indriastuty

Content Designer              : Dadi Wiyono and Iman Rohman

Cover Designer                 : M. Nurhadi

Copyright of the book      : November 2009

Price of the book               : -

Number of pages               : viii + 334 pages

Size of the book                : 20,5 cm x 27,5 cm

Reviewer                           : Nuraisyah Meitasiwi Pratiwi

B.     Description of The Book

Education is very important. Through quality education can get an excellent generation that boasted for Indonesia. Therefore, to get it we must to take effort and hard work, so demand the students to learn, understand, and master all aspects of education. One of the aspects of education which play an important role is Mathematics, because mathematics is the basic of the other sciences. 

The book is organized to support the achievement of learning the students in Junior High School specifically for years VII, namely to improve the knowledge, skill, ability, intelligence and personality and so they are able to continue to the higher levels of education. The book is organized based on the KTSP 2006, so expect the existence of this book can support or improve the ability of mathematics for Junior High School students. This book is also compiled based on the study of the subject education essence,teachers role, the characteristic and essence of mathematics at school, and contextual learning approach through the content standards-oriented learning process.

This book contains important material that should be mastered by student of years VII in Junior High School. The materials is presented in three main units, in one unit there are several chapters that are interconnected. On the Unit I ( Numbers ) there are two Chapters namely Integers and Fractions. On the Unit II ( Algebra ) there are five Chapters namely Algebra and application, Linier Equations with One Variable, Linier Inequalities with One Variable, Proportions, and Sets. And the last unit or Unit III ( Geometry ) there are two Chapters namely Lines and Angles, and Planes. In this book there are some examples and the answers and also some practice questions.

C.     Excess and Deficiencies of The Book

In this book besides study mathematics, students are also able to learn English well, because in this book comes with two languages namely English and Indonesian. So this book can increase our knowledge in mathematics and also our skill and ability in English vocab or speaking because it is necessary to improve our skill and ability in English to support our work in the future. The author invites the students to understand mathematics easily and lightly so as to minimize the perception that mathematics is difficult.  In this book also be equipped with map on content so it can be make easier to read an learn the book. In explaining the subject matter presented clearly and provided an example which accompanied the explanation in detail. In the selection of colors and images very interesting that make the students interested to open and study the book, so it will provided the motivation for students. 

However, in this book does not equipped with any discussion or answer keys so that for students who have been working on the matter of exercise not knowing whether their job right or wrong if it is not discussed by his/her teachers. In my opinion, in the book's publication can be equipped with an answer keys sheet or can be a VCD that describes a discussion or explanation visually. However, although there were still some deficiencies in the implementation of this book . These deficiencies can be covered with excess that is presented in the book.

D.    Conclusion

In the book “MATHEMATICS 1” for Junior High School Years VII aimed at students who want to improve mathematics skills as well as proficiency in speaking English. This book is highly recommended to be a companion book because of the material contained in the book are simple and easy to understand. In addition, in the selection of colors and images very well so it can raise the interest of students in learning mathematics. So, we will feel happy if ever read this book.

Increase Our Ability to be a Great MC

How to be a great MC? Being a great MC or Master of Ceremony not easy. Until we should consider some points.

1.      First about Preparation

Preparation is very important. Before we do everything not only for being master of ceremony, but for doing everything, so preparation is everything. He even say that preparation is everything. Why ? Because it is such kind of “kodrat, takdir, or sunatullah”. Being a human life, that life is something moving a process and circeling moving from the past, present, and future. So, the past is a preparation for present and the present time is a preparation for the future. So, in order that, we are able to perform the best in the present or also we do the best preparation in the past in order that we do able to perform the best in the future. We should do the best preparation in the present. So preparation is very important. What should we do to prepare a preparation in there are many aspect. First our psychology, our emotion, and then our personality and our attitude and behaviour, thats very important. In order we have good attitude, good behaviour, personality, so we should be aware of everything related to aim, the purpose that we will do and we order should to understand about the knowledge, understand about the people, understand about even, understand about the program. And we have contextually experience involving in the activity, because our involvment in the activity will make us good understanding and then will make us to feel confident. Our confident is very important. So we also should understand about the relationship among the peolpe, position of the people, and the assignment from the people, and the structure of the community, the structure of institution the time and the program. It is about preparation.

2.      Second about Simulation

The next step in a preparation is doing simulation to simulate a commonly people said as “gladi resik”. “Gladi kotor and gladi resik” doing simulation can be conducted by individual people or by a group of people or by a whole community. We our self as a master of ceremony and conduct a simulation in our room but is whole all member of community can conduct together in the same time, in the same place to simulate what will happen next day or tomorrow when the even start to begin. Simulation is very important.

3.      The Third about Skill and Experience

And then the next thing is getting skill and experience. After you try to prepare to simulatated and then we try to get our skill. Skill in influencing peoples, skill in introducing something, skill in sharing information etc. So to get our skill and our competence we need a basic competence. Basic competence a cover for example pronounciation, good pronounciation, loud but not too loud, soft but not too soft so. Experience, doing experience , so in order to get experience you need to get a skill and we need to get a understanding. We can learn from everywhere anytime, whatever of resource, now we can browse internet to look for, to find out, the reference related to our plan activity. As we here all this morning that some of us have similar resources, no problem. But, because language need skill, need to repeat and repeat again. So, sometimes we just need to copy, to copy other people in talking, in presenting, in posting something in front of audience.

So. Let’s try! ^_^

How to be a Good Master of Ceremony

Until we should consider some points. First about preparation,  preparation is very-very important. Before we do everything not only for being master of ceremony, but for doing everything, so preparation is everything. He even say that preparation is everything. Why ? Because it is such kind of “kodrat, takdir, or sunatullah”. Being a human life, that life is something moving a process and circeling moving from the past, present, and future. So, the past is a preparation for present and the present time is a preparation for the future. So, in order that, we are able to perform the best in the present or also we do the best preparation in the past in order that we do able to perform the best in the future. We should do the best preparation in the present. So preparation is very important. What should we do to prepare a preparation in there are many aspect. First our psychology, our emotion, and then our personality and our attitude and behaviour, thats very important. In order we have good attitude, good behaviour, personality, so we should be aware of everything related to aim, the purpose that we will do and we order should to understand about the knowledge, understand about the people, understand about even, understand about the program. And we have contextually experience involving in the activity, because our involvment in the activity will make us good understanding and then will make us to feel confident. Our confident is very important. So we also should understand about the relationship among the peolpe, position of the people, and the assignment from the people, and the structure of the community, the structure of institution the time and the program. It is about preparation. The next step in a preparation is doing simulation to simulate a commonly people said as “gladi resik”. “Gladi kotor and gladi resik” doing simulation can be conducted by individual people or by a group of people or by a whole community. We our self as a master of ceremony and conduct a simulation in our room but is whole all member of community can conduct together in the same time, in the same place to simulate what will happen next day or tomorrow when the even start to begin. Simulation is very important. And then the next thing is getting skill and experience. After you try to prepare to simulatated and then we try to get our skill. Skill in influencing peoples, skill in introducing something, skill in sharing information etc. So to get our skill and our competence we need a basic competence. Basic competence a cover for example pronounciation, good pronounciation, loud but not too loud, soft but not too soft so.

Experience, doing experience , so in order to get experience you need to get a skill and we need to get a understanding. We can learn from everywhere anytime, whatever of resource, now we can browse internet to look for, to find out, the reference related to our plan activity. As we here all this morning that some of us have similar resources, no problem. But, because language need skill, need to repeat and repeat again. So, sometimes we just need to copy, to copy other people in talking, in presenting, in posting something in front of audience. I think that’s all about the first part that’s all about being master of ceremony because in the next here probably we will involve in such kind of event because our departement, our faculty sometimes conducting national seminar and international seminar of mathematics and mathematics education. In which involving many students as commitee, possibly some of we choosen as a master of ceremony. Secondly, in here he would like to remind we and to remember we about continue our reading my posting by making a comment again, please write our english in standard english. The longer the better, the longer our sentences is better, to get more experiences in writing english and for somebody for we that we feel  not good achievement in here, we should work hard to collect our point. Collecting number of comment. Shouldly, he wish to talk about developing english for mathematics. He also would like to remember we that, please read his junior text book for grade 1,2,and 3. Because he will take some material from the text book to be final examination. So, if we can learn from the meeting between us and him, there are some remark here. The first, he assume that we are an adult people, the characteristic of adult people is that we can take we own responsibility, we learn. Number two, his philosophy of teaching for him to teach is to facilitate we all in order that we are able to learn english individually and colaborativly. Number three, his philosophy of learning. Learning is constructing, we can learn something if we learn the concept of A. So, really for him we try to construct the concept of A, so learning is to construct. In general learning is to construct  our  life, learning is to construct our english. So, he like we to have a different achievement of english. So, the kind and the type of english depend on our activity.So, as the adult learner we have a responsibility to actively construct our own english. Constructing our own english by reading, by writing, by speaking, by translating, by discussing, etc. Number four, the philosophy of learing resources. The learning resources, he developes is that we can learn from everything that lives in surrounding us can be use as learning resources. So, we can learn english from the books, television, newspaper, internet, or direct communication with native speaker. The next is about examination or evaluation. How can he evaluate we or how can he evaluate our competence and our english? So, he use portofolio, he use documentation contain our achievement. So, at the end of this semester i will close my blog, maybe we can still open my blog, but we can’t access and we can’t give a comment. Possibly we can give a comment, but our comment cannot deliver to my email at the end of this month. So please use the time effectively to improve our comment. And then he will combine the result and the comment also, but speaking here is a highly score and also the comment also has a high score.  And a examination only small portion. Expecially in a spesific translation about mathematics and written mathematics in english, he thinks it is very easy because most of mathematics written in symbolic language. So, if we have experiences in communication in general he think we can also have experiences, a good competents in explaining elaborating mathematics in english.

Thank you ^-^

The Nature of Mathematical Thinking

What Do You Know About Mathematics?

In many perception mathematics is difficult, complicated and boring. But, if you know in there are many wonderful thing which can't be founded in other aspect in our life.

Mathematics in an old, broad and deep discipline (field of study). People working to improve mathematics education need to understand “What is Mathematics?”

Mathematics is the science that deals with the logic of shape, quantity and arrangement. Math is all around us, in everything we do.

Who Are Mathematicians?

Mathematicians are people of all ages and from all over the world who enjoy the challenge of a problem, who see the beauty in a pattern, a shape, a proof, a concept. Some of the best young mathematicians compete in mathematics olympiads, state and national science fairs, or the fun who wants to be a mathematician game. To be a mathematicians we must to abstracted (to think only selected characteristics of object) and idealized (assuming to be perfect characteristic).

Mathematical objects are what we talk and write about when we do math.

Numbers, functions, triangles, matrices, and more complicated things such as vector spaces and infinite series are all examples of mathematical objects. This chapter discusses how we think about math objects in general.

Mathematics objects are not physical objects, but we think about them and talk about them as if they 

were. That is one of the more important aspects of thinking about mathematics objects. (Another one is how to prove statements about mathematics objects.)

Mathematics is not just a study of numbers, nor is it simply about calculations.

It is not about applying formulas, either. It can perhaps be better described as “a field of creation through accurate and logical thinking." Mathematics has a long, rich history and continues to grow rapidly.

Mathematical thinking is not the same as doing mathematics, at least not as mathematics is typically presented in our school system. School mathematics typically focuses on learning procedures to solve highly stereotyped problems. Professional mathematicians think a certain way to solve real problems, problems that can arise from the everyday world, or from science, or from within mathematics itself. The key to success in school mathematics is to learn to think inside the box. In contrast, a key feature of mathematical thinking is thinking outside the box, a valuable ability in today’s world. This course helps to develop that crucial way of thinking.

VOLCANO OF MATHEMATICS

Mathematics in University

Mathematics relies on both logic and creativity, and it is pursued both for a variety of practical purposes and for its intrinsic interest. For some people, and not only professional mathematicians, the essence of mathematics lies in its beauty and its intellectual challenge. For others, including many scientists and engineers, the chief value of mathematics is how it applies to their own work. Because mathematics plays such a central role in modern culture, some basic understanding of the nature of mathematics is requisite for scientific literacy. To achieve this, students need to perceive mathematics as part of the scientific endeavor, comprehend the nature of mathematical thinking, and become familiar with key mathematical ideas and skills.

Any high mathematics you are, do not exceed your spiritual! (by: Prof.Dr. Marsigit, MA)

Timeline Mathematical Thinking

MESOPOTAMIA ( 2400 BC)

§  Mesopotamia using a sexagesimal (base 60) number system. This is the source of the current 60-minute hours and 24-hours a day, and 360 -degree circle.

§  Sumerian calendar also measured weeks of seven days each. 

§  Knowledge of mathematics is used in the making of the map.

§  Determine the number system first.

§  Finding weight and measuring system.

§  In 2500 BC the decimal system is no longer used and the stick is replaced.

 BABYLON (586 BC)

§  Using the decimal system and π = 3.125.

§  Inventor first calculator.

§  Know the geometry as the basis of astronomical calculations. 

§  Using the approach to the square root.

§  Its geometry is aljabaris.

§  Arithmetic grow and develop well into rhetorical algebra growing. 

§  Aready know the Pythagorean theorem.

ANCIENT EGYPT (2771 BC)

§  It knows the formula for calculating area and volume. 

§  Know the numbers and symbol system in 3100 BC .

§  Know the Pythagorean triple.

§  Additives Openness patterned numbers and arithmetic. 

§  Year 300 BC using a system based on the number 10.

ANCIENT GREECE (600 BC)

§  Pythagoras Pythagorean theorem proving mathematically (best). 

§  The founder of the early concept of zero was Al Khwarizmi. 

§  Sparked name Archimedes parabola, which means the right angle cone. 

§  Hipassus inventor irrational numbers. 

§  Diophantus inventor of arithmetic (number theory discussion of the contents of the algebraic development is done by creating an equation).

§  Archimedes made ​​plane geometry.

§  Know primes.

INDIA (800BC)

§  Brahmagyupta born at 598-660 Ad. 

§  Aryabtha (4018 BC) found an association circumference of a circle. 

§  Introducing the use of zero and the decimal. 

§  Brahmagyupta find negative numbers. 

§  a2 + b2 + formula c2 has existed on "Sulbasutra". 

§  Geometry have known Pythagorean triple, the Pythagorean theorem, transformation and pascal triangle.

CHINA (1200BC) 

§  Know the properties of a right triangle 3000 BC. 

§  Develop negative numbers, decimal numbers, the decimal system, the binary system, algebra, geometry, trigonometry and calculus. 

§  Have found a method to solve some kind of equation is a quadratic equation, cubic and qualitik.

§  Using the algebraic system to solve quadratic equations Horner.

Some mathematician scientis:

1.      Pythagoras (582-496 BC) 
Pythagoras was the one who first sparked the axioms, postulates that need to be spelled out first pitch in developing geometry.Pythagoras was not the person who discovered the Pythagorean theorem, but he managed to make mathematical proofs. 2 as an irrational number. Pythagorean Brotherhood discovered

2.      Thales (624-550 BC) 
Can be called the first mathematician who formulated the theorem or proposition, where the tradition is becoming more evident after elaborated by Euclid. The foundation of mathematics as ilmuterapan apparently been placed by Thales before Pythagoras who makes numbers appear.

3.      Ecluides (325-265 BC) 
Euclid referred to as the "Father of Geometry" because it found the number theory and geometry.Subjects covered are the forms, the Pythagorean theorem, the algebraic equations, circles, tangent, space geometry, theory of proportions and others. Eukluides finding tools such as ruler and run. 

4.      Socrates (427-347 BC) 
He is a great philosophy of Greece. He is also the creator of the teachings of all-purpose, because it is the philosophy called idealism. His teachings are born because of his acquaintance with the sophists. Plato was the first to receive piker experts understand the existence of nature is not the object.

5.      Appolonius (262-190 BC) 
The concept of the parabola, hyperbola, ellipse and many contribute to modern astronomy.He is an expert mathematician pliers in geometri.Teorema Appolonius connect several elements in the triangle.

6.      Diophantus (250-200 BC) 
He is the "Father of Algebra" for developing the Babylonian, Babylonian algebra concepts. A Greek mathematician who lived in Alexandria. Works great Diophantus form an arithmetic book, the first book written about algebra system. Preserved part of solving arithmetic Diophantus contains approximately 130 questions that produce first rate equations.

7.      Archimedes (287-212 BC) 
He applies the principles of physics and mathematics. And also find the calculation of π (pi) in calculating the area of a circle. He was a mathematician of all time and the biggest in the ancient times. Three works of Archimedes discuss plane geometry, ie the measurement of the circle, the quadrature of the parabola and the spiral.

Early History of Numbers Zero

Zero created independently by Babelonia nation, Maya and India (some researchers believe, the Indian number system number system influenced Babylon). The Babylonians get their number system of the Sumerians, who developed the world's first science of computation.Developed between 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, the Sumerians are positioning system - the value of a symbol depends on its position relative to other symbols. 

0 OF INDIA

India is a nation which first began to understand the zero either as a symbol or idea.Brahmagupta , around 650 AD, was the first to formalize arithmetic operations using zero. He uses numbers to indicate a point below zero. The points are alternately referred to as 'sunya', which means empty, or 'kha', which means place. Brahmagupta writes standard rules to achieve zero through addition and subtraction and division by zero. 

ALGEBRA

Centuries after the Europeans still do not know the numbers 0, until the coming Arab traders who brought Braghmagupta text and introduce zeros in the European community. Zero, reaching Baghdad around 773 AD and Arab mathematicians developed based system that has been used in India. In the ninth century, Mohammed ibn-Musa al-Khawarizmi was the first to introduce the equation equal to zero, or better known as algebra . He also developed a fast method for multiplying and dividing numbers known as algorithm (take of the name al-Khawarizmi)

In 879 AD, written almost zero as we know it today, oval (but written smaller than the other figures). And thanks to the conquest of Spain by the Moors, zero eventually reached Europe, in the mid-twelfth century, translations of Al-Khawarizmi wandered up to the UK.

0 IN EUROPE

In 1202 Italian mathematician, Fibonacci make the work of Al-Khawarizmi, as a reference in his book Liber Abaci algorithm, or "book Abacus,". Until then, the abacus has become the most common tool to perform arithmetic operations. Fibonacci development quickly spread among German Italian merchants and bankers, particularly the use of zero. The next great mathematician Rene Descartes uses is zero, the founder of the Cartesian coordinate system. People who used to work with triangular and parabolic curves certainly years, Descartes origin is (0,0).

Motivation Based on Prof.Dr.Marsigit,MA’s Experience

Become a successful person is not easy, a lot of hurdles and obstacles that must be taken to reach it. If there is intention, effort and prayer to God can all be achieved. My lecturer, Prof.Dr.Marsigit, MA, he was a mathematician who specializes in speaking English. He is not so expert in the field of language and art. When Junior High School , he prefers mathematics than language or English. When Senior High School, he also was ranked in the class. It can make motivation for him, so he wants an expert in English speaking. However, because of his ability, he study hard to learn English. Every Sunday he went to the shopping center (now Taman Pintar) to buy a book, he was riding a bicycle on the banks of the river Progo. In there he buy a cheap English-language books, such as the rainbow (small magazine of about 10 pages that tell about the sights, animals and the environment). When Senior High School he enjoys reading books that interest him, and always re-read them. When Senior High School ,he got 2nd place and received a list in State University of Yogyakarta exact sciences in Teaching Faculty of exact sciences in IKIP Yogyakarta. Starting from appointed assistant lecturer then became a lecturer. Because he wanted to continue his studies abroad, then he must be fluent in English, so he's trying hard to study English. It can be realized if he has a minimum TOEFL (Test Of English as a Foreign Language) 500. So he did a course to Jakarta, Bandung, Malang (for 6 months). He wanted to study abroad because he wanted to have new experiences and want to tell it to the university students so that it can become motivation. He tested many times with a score of only 449. It turns out he has a mistake on English grammar, so that when a course in Malang, atmosphere is created naturally in IKIP Malang. After that, his score increase to 550. So he escapes and lectures in the UK in 1996 for 1.5 years with 6 others received a scholarship from the World Bank Customer Programs. In fact he could pass the first year alone, but were told to wait for the others, so the half-year used to improve the dissertation. In there he felt happy and can find English formally and informally. Such as in the Bank, he was asked by the bank teller, "What note do you want?" . In his mind the meaning of note is note beams and a notebook. Then when jogging around University of London, he heard strange words, after finding out it turns out that the London people say "Water, please" the accent is different from the Indonesian people, etc. In 2000- 2014 he already more than 10 times to go to Japan, 6 times go to Thailand, 4 times go to Australia, 2 times go to England, and Cambodia.

If the structure of the English language and grammar are correct, don’t worry about the pronunciation. He is often a guest speaker in the International seminars, and then he's prepared it, his material is about mathematics education. Indonesian people actually have more capabilities in the areas of pronunciation than other countries, so our job is to do whatever directly supporting our communication skills and communication content. Starting everything from the small things. Do not come to college with the perception that you will get English from your lecturer, but you will get it from your efforts. This is not according with the principal of learning. Your lecturer just give you a task to facilitate and provide you in order that you able to act directly your able to be have, to write, to speak, to listen, to communicate in English. Now, Establishing your base and increase it, not only in English but in the other aspect. After that, up to identify what mathematics, the history of mathematics, ideas of mathematics, to do research of mathematics,etc.  Please, look at the people doing mathematics and then explain in front of your class. Such my lecturer said, so start everything from now on, don't be afraid to make mistakes so that we can know the right things.