Senin, 29 September 2014

Timeline Mathematical Thinking

MESOPOTAMIA ( 2400 BC)
§  Mesopotamia using a sexagesimal (base 60) number system. This is the source of the current 60-minute hours and 24-hours a day, and 360 -degree circle.
§  Sumerian calendar also measured weeks of seven days each. 
§  Knowledge of mathematics is used in the making of the map.
§  Determine the number system first.
§  Finding weight and measuring system.
§  In 2500 BC the decimal system is no longer used and the stick is replaced.

 BABYLON (586 BC)
§  Using the decimal system and π = 3.125.
§  Inventor first calculator.
§  Know the geometry as the basis of astronomical calculations. 
§  Using the approach to the square root.
§  Its geometry is aljabaris.
§  Arithmetic grow and develop well into rhetorical algebra growing. 
§  Aready know the Pythagorean theorem.

ANCIENT EGYPT (2771 BC)
§  It knows the formula for calculating area and volume. 
§  Know the numbers and symbol system in 3100 BC .
§  Know the Pythagorean triple.
§  Additives Openness patterned numbers and arithmetic. 
§  Year 300 BC using a system based on the number 10.

ANCIENT GREECE (600 BC)
§  Pythagoras Pythagorean theorem proving mathematically (best). 
§  The founder of the early concept of zero was Al Khwarizmi. 
§  Sparked name Archimedes parabola, which means the right angle cone. 
§  Hipassus inventor irrational numbers. 
§  Diophantus inventor of arithmetic (number theory discussion of the contents of the algebraic development is done by creating an equation).
§  Archimedes made ​​plane geometry.
§  Know primes.

INDIA (800BC)
§  Brahmagyupta born at 598-660 Ad. 
§  Aryabtha (4018 BC) found an association circumference of a circle. 
§  Introducing the use of zero and the decimal. 
§  Brahmagyupta find negative numbers. 
§  a2 + b2 + formula c2 has existed on "Sulbasutra". 
§  Geometry have known Pythagorean triple, the Pythagorean theorem, transformation and pascal triangle.

CHINA (1200BC) 
§  Know the properties of a right triangle 3000 BC. 
§  Develop negative numbers, decimal numbers, the decimal system, the binary system, algebra, geometry, trigonometry and calculus. 
§  Have found a method to solve some kind of equation is a quadratic equation, cubic and qualitik.
§  Using the algebraic system to solve quadratic equations Horner.

Some mathematician scientis:
1.      Pythagoras (582-496 BC) 
Pythagoras was the one who first sparked the axioms, postulates that need to be spelled out first pitch in developing geometry.Pythagoras was not the person who discovered the Pythagorean theorem, but he managed to make mathematical proofs. 2 as an irrational number. Pythagorean Brotherhood discovered
2.      Thales (624-550 BC) 
Can be called the first mathematician who formulated the theorem or proposition, where the tradition is becoming more evident after elaborated by Euclid. The foundation of mathematics as ilmuterapan apparently been placed by Thales before Pythagoras who makes numbers appear.
3.      Ecluides (325-265 BC) 
Euclid referred to as the "Father of Geometry" because it found the number theory and geometry.Subjects covered are the forms, the Pythagorean theorem, the algebraic equations, circles, tangent, space geometry, theory of proportions and others. Eukluides finding tools such as ruler and run. 
4.      Socrates (427-347 BC) 
He is a great philosophy of Greece. He is also the creator of the teachings of all-purpose, because it is the philosophy called idealism. His teachings are born because of his acquaintance with the sophists. Plato was the first to receive piker experts understand the existence of nature is not the object.
5.      Appolonius (262-190 BC) 
The concept of the parabola, hyperbola, ellipse and many contribute to modern astronomy.He is an expert mathematician pliers in geometri.Teorema Appolonius connect several elements in the triangle.
6.      Diophantus (250-200 BC) 
He is the "Father of Algebra" for developing the Babylonian, Babylonian algebra concepts. A Greek mathematician who lived in Alexandria. Works great Diophantus form an arithmetic book, the first book written about algebra system. Preserved part of solving arithmetic Diophantus contains approximately 130 questions that produce first rate equations.
7.      Archimedes (287-212 BC) 
He applies the principles of physics and mathematics. And also find the calculation of π (pi) in calculating the area of a circle. He was a mathematician of all time and the biggest in the ancient times. Three works of Archimedes discuss plane geometry, ie the measurement of the circle, the quadrature of the parabola and the spiral.


Early History of Numbers Zero
Zero created independently by Babelonia nation, Maya and India (some researchers believe, the Indian number system number system influenced Babylon). The Babylonians get their number system of the Sumerians, who developed the world's first science of computation.Developed between 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, the Sumerians are positioning system - the value of a symbol depends on its position relative to other symbols. 
0 OF INDIA
India is a nation which first began to understand the zero either as a symbol or idea.Brahmagupta , around 650 AD, was the first to formalize arithmetic operations using zero. He uses numbers to indicate a point below zero. The points are alternately referred to as 'sunya', which means empty, or 'kha', which means place. Brahmagupta writes standard rules to achieve zero through addition and subtraction and division by zero. 
ALGEBRA
Centuries after the Europeans still do not know the numbers 0, until the coming Arab traders who brought Braghmagupta text and introduce zeros in the European community. Zero, reaching Baghdad around 773 AD and Arab mathematicians developed based system that has been used in India. In the ninth century, Mohammed ibn-Musa al-Khawarizmi was the first to introduce the equation equal to zero, or better known as algebra . He also developed a fast method for multiplying and dividing numbers known as algorithm (take of the name al-Khawarizmi)
In 879 AD, written almost zero as we know it today, oval (but written smaller than the other figures). And thanks to the conquest of Spain by the Moors, zero eventually reached Europe, in the mid-twelfth century, translations of Al-Khawarizmi wandered up to the UK.
0 IN EUROPE

In 1202 Italian mathematician, Fibonacci make the work of Al-Khawarizmi, as a reference in his book Liber Abaci algorithm, or "book Abacus,". Until then, the abacus has become the most common tool to perform arithmetic operations. Fibonacci development quickly spread among German Italian merchants and bankers, particularly the use of zero. The next great mathematician Rene Descartes uses is zero, the founder of the Cartesian coordinate system. People who used to work with triangular and parabolic curves certainly years, Descartes origin is (0,0).

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