Timeline Mathematical Thinking

MESOPOTAMIA ( 2400 BC)

§  Mesopotamia using a sexagesimal (base 60) number system. This is the source of the current 60-minute hours and 24-hours a day, and 360 -degree circle.

§  Sumerian calendar also measured weeks of seven days each. 

§  Knowledge of mathematics is used in the making of the map.

§  Determine the number system first.

§  Finding weight and measuring system.

§  In 2500 BC the decimal system is no longer used and the stick is replaced.

 BABYLON (586 BC)

§  Using the decimal system and π = 3.125.

§  Inventor first calculator.

§  Know the geometry as the basis of astronomical calculations. 

§  Using the approach to the square root.

§  Its geometry is aljabaris.

§  Arithmetic grow and develop well into rhetorical algebra growing. 

§  Aready know the Pythagorean theorem.

ANCIENT EGYPT (2771 BC)

§  It knows the formula for calculating area and volume. 

§  Know the numbers and symbol system in 3100 BC .

§  Know the Pythagorean triple.

§  Additives Openness patterned numbers and arithmetic. 

§  Year 300 BC using a system based on the number 10.

ANCIENT GREECE (600 BC)

§  Pythagoras Pythagorean theorem proving mathematically (best). 

§  The founder of the early concept of zero was Al Khwarizmi. 

§  Sparked name Archimedes parabola, which means the right angle cone. 

§  Hipassus inventor irrational numbers. 

§  Diophantus inventor of arithmetic (number theory discussion of the contents of the algebraic development is done by creating an equation).

§  Archimedes made ​​plane geometry.

§  Know primes.

INDIA (800BC)

§  Brahmagyupta born at 598-660 Ad. 

§  Aryabtha (4018 BC) found an association circumference of a circle. 

§  Introducing the use of zero and the decimal. 

§  Brahmagyupta find negative numbers. 

§  a2 + b2 + formula c2 has existed on "Sulbasutra". 

§  Geometry have known Pythagorean triple, the Pythagorean theorem, transformation and pascal triangle.

CHINA (1200BC) 

§  Know the properties of a right triangle 3000 BC. 

§  Develop negative numbers, decimal numbers, the decimal system, the binary system, algebra, geometry, trigonometry and calculus. 

§  Have found a method to solve some kind of equation is a quadratic equation, cubic and qualitik.

§  Using the algebraic system to solve quadratic equations Horner.

Some mathematician scientis:

1.      Pythagoras (582-496 BC) 
Pythagoras was the one who first sparked the axioms, postulates that need to be spelled out first pitch in developing geometry.Pythagoras was not the person who discovered the Pythagorean theorem, but he managed to make mathematical proofs. 2 as an irrational number. Pythagorean Brotherhood discovered

2.      Thales (624-550 BC) 
Can be called the first mathematician who formulated the theorem or proposition, where the tradition is becoming more evident after elaborated by Euclid. The foundation of mathematics as ilmuterapan apparently been placed by Thales before Pythagoras who makes numbers appear.

3.      Ecluides (325-265 BC) 
Euclid referred to as the "Father of Geometry" because it found the number theory and geometry.Subjects covered are the forms, the Pythagorean theorem, the algebraic equations, circles, tangent, space geometry, theory of proportions and others. Eukluides finding tools such as ruler and run. 

4.      Socrates (427-347 BC) 
He is a great philosophy of Greece. He is also the creator of the teachings of all-purpose, because it is the philosophy called idealism. His teachings are born because of his acquaintance with the sophists. Plato was the first to receive piker experts understand the existence of nature is not the object.

5.      Appolonius (262-190 BC) 
The concept of the parabola, hyperbola, ellipse and many contribute to modern astronomy.He is an expert mathematician pliers in geometri.Teorema Appolonius connect several elements in the triangle.

6.      Diophantus (250-200 BC) 
He is the "Father of Algebra" for developing the Babylonian, Babylonian algebra concepts. A Greek mathematician who lived in Alexandria. Works great Diophantus form an arithmetic book, the first book written about algebra system. Preserved part of solving arithmetic Diophantus contains approximately 130 questions that produce first rate equations.

7.      Archimedes (287-212 BC) 
He applies the principles of physics and mathematics. And also find the calculation of π (pi) in calculating the area of a circle. He was a mathematician of all time and the biggest in the ancient times. Three works of Archimedes discuss plane geometry, ie the measurement of the circle, the quadrature of the parabola and the spiral.

Early History of Numbers Zero

Zero created independently by Babelonia nation, Maya and India (some researchers believe, the Indian number system number system influenced Babylon). The Babylonians get their number system of the Sumerians, who developed the world's first science of computation.Developed between 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, the Sumerians are positioning system - the value of a symbol depends on its position relative to other symbols. 

0 OF INDIA

India is a nation which first began to understand the zero either as a symbol or idea.Brahmagupta , around 650 AD, was the first to formalize arithmetic operations using zero. He uses numbers to indicate a point below zero. The points are alternately referred to as 'sunya', which means empty, or 'kha', which means place. Brahmagupta writes standard rules to achieve zero through addition and subtraction and division by zero. 

ALGEBRA

Centuries after the Europeans still do not know the numbers 0, until the coming Arab traders who brought Braghmagupta text and introduce zeros in the European community. Zero, reaching Baghdad around 773 AD and Arab mathematicians developed based system that has been used in India. In the ninth century, Mohammed ibn-Musa al-Khawarizmi was the first to introduce the equation equal to zero, or better known as algebra . He also developed a fast method for multiplying and dividing numbers known as algorithm (take of the name al-Khawarizmi)

In 879 AD, written almost zero as we know it today, oval (but written smaller than the other figures). And thanks to the conquest of Spain by the Moors, zero eventually reached Europe, in the mid-twelfth century, translations of Al-Khawarizmi wandered up to the UK.

0 IN EUROPE

In 1202 Italian mathematician, Fibonacci make the work of Al-Khawarizmi, as a reference in his book Liber Abaci algorithm, or "book Abacus,". Until then, the abacus has become the most common tool to perform arithmetic operations. Fibonacci development quickly spread among German Italian merchants and bankers, particularly the use of zero. The next great mathematician Rene Descartes uses is zero, the founder of the Cartesian coordinate system. People who used to work with triangular and parabolic curves certainly years, Descartes origin is (0,0).

Motivation Based on Prof.Dr.Marsigit,MA’s Experience

Become a successful person is not easy, a lot of hurdles and obstacles that must be taken to reach it. If there is intention, effort and prayer to God can all be achieved. My lecturer, Prof.Dr.Marsigit, MA, he was a mathematician who specializes in speaking English. He is not so expert in the field of language and art. When Junior High School , he prefers mathematics than language or English. When Senior High School, he also was ranked in the class. It can make motivation for him, so he wants an expert in English speaking. However, because of his ability, he study hard to learn English. Every Sunday he went to the shopping center (now Taman Pintar) to buy a book, he was riding a bicycle on the banks of the river Progo. In there he buy a cheap English-language books, such as the rainbow (small magazine of about 10 pages that tell about the sights, animals and the environment). When Senior High School he enjoys reading books that interest him, and always re-read them. When Senior High School ,he got 2nd place and received a list in State University of Yogyakarta exact sciences in Teaching Faculty of exact sciences in IKIP Yogyakarta. Starting from appointed assistant lecturer then became a lecturer. Because he wanted to continue his studies abroad, then he must be fluent in English, so he's trying hard to study English. It can be realized if he has a minimum TOEFL (Test Of English as a Foreign Language) 500. So he did a course to Jakarta, Bandung, Malang (for 6 months). He wanted to study abroad because he wanted to have new experiences and want to tell it to the university students so that it can become motivation. He tested many times with a score of only 449. It turns out he has a mistake on English grammar, so that when a course in Malang, atmosphere is created naturally in IKIP Malang. After that, his score increase to 550. So he escapes and lectures in the UK in 1996 for 1.5 years with 6 others received a scholarship from the World Bank Customer Programs. In fact he could pass the first year alone, but were told to wait for the others, so the half-year used to improve the dissertation. In there he felt happy and can find English formally and informally. Such as in the Bank, he was asked by the bank teller, "What note do you want?" . In his mind the meaning of note is note beams and a notebook. Then when jogging around University of London, he heard strange words, after finding out it turns out that the London people say "Water, please" the accent is different from the Indonesian people, etc. In 2000- 2014 he already more than 10 times to go to Japan, 6 times go to Thailand, 4 times go to Australia, 2 times go to England, and Cambodia.

If the structure of the English language and grammar are correct, don’t worry about the pronunciation. He is often a guest speaker in the International seminars, and then he's prepared it, his material is about mathematics education. Indonesian people actually have more capabilities in the areas of pronunciation than other countries, so our job is to do whatever directly supporting our communication skills and communication content. Starting everything from the small things. Do not come to college with the perception that you will get English from your lecturer, but you will get it from your efforts. This is not according with the principal of learning. Your lecturer just give you a task to facilitate and provide you in order that you able to act directly your able to be have, to write, to speak, to listen, to communicate in English. Now, Establishing your base and increase it, not only in English but in the other aspect. After that, up to identify what mathematics, the history of mathematics, ideas of mathematics, to do research of mathematics,etc.  Please, look at the people doing mathematics and then explain in front of your class. Such my lecturer said, so start everything from now on, don't be afraid to make mistakes so that we can know the right things.